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The ethyl acetate fraction of 80% ethanol extract from Bidens parviflora Willd．was isolated and purified by silica, polyamide, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. A total of eleven compounds were isolated and identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data as (2S)-11E-tetradecene-3,5,7,9-tetrayne-1,2,13-triol (1), pyridine-4-formyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), maritimein (3), trichocarpine (4), okanin-4-methyl ether-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), okanin-4-methyl ether-4′-O-β-D-(6″-acetyl)-glucopyranoside (6), (Z)-6-O-(4″-acetyl-6″-O-p-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyaurone (7), quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (8), hyperoside (9), (3S)-(6E,12E)-tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,14-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), bipinnata polyacetyloside B (11). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, compounds 4 and 8 were isolated from the genus Bidens for the first time, compounds 5-7, 10 and 11 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Objective: To analyze the dynamic changes of components in the enzymolysis process of raw products of Raphani Semen. Method: HPLC was employed to analysis of characteristic spectra of Raphani Semen at different enzymolysis time with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for gradient elution and detection wavelength at 225 nm.The characteristic peaks were calibrated, meanwhile, the UV spectra of characterstic peaks were extracted, and the difference between UV spectra and the changes of peak areas were compared, and the dynamic changes of characterstic components in Raphani Semen were analyzed. Result: Eleven characteristic peaks were marked from the characteric spectra of raw products of Raphani Semen at different enzymolysis time, and glucoraphenin and sinapine thiocyanate were assigned.Glucoraphenin was enzymatically hydrolyzed fastly by myrosinase, and an intermediate was generated, and then continue to be decomposed into other components.Sinapine thiocyanate did not change significantly during the enzymolysis process, and sinadiosides was also enzymatically degraded. Conclusion: The enzymolysis of Raphani Semen is not only the glucoraphenin, but also the sinadiosides.This paper can provide reference for the property change of Raphani Semen in processing.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the contribution of executive function to abnormal recognition of facial expressions of emotion in schizophrenia patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Abnormal recognition of facial expressions of emotion was assayed according to Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE), Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), positive and negative symptom scale, and Hamilton anxiety and depression scale, respectively, in 88 paranoid schizophrenia patients and 75 healthy volunteers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients scored higher on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales, displayed lower JACFEE recognition accuracies and poorer WCST performances. The JACFEE recognition accuracy of contempt and disgust was negatively correlated with the negative symptom scale score while the recognition accuracy of fear was positively with the positive symptom scale score and the recognition accuracy of surprise was negatively with the general psychopathology score in patients. Moreover, the WCST could predict the JACFEE recognition accuracy of contempt, disgust, and sadness in patients, and the perseverative errors negatively predicted the recognition accuracy of sadness in healthy volunteers. The JACFEE recognition accuracy of sadness could predict the WCST categories in paranoid schizophrenia patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Recognition accuracy of social-/moral emotions, such as contempt, disgust and sadness is related to the executive function in paranoid schizophrenia patients, especially when regarding sadness.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Asian People , White People , Executive Function , Facial Expression , Schizophrenia, Paranoid , PsychologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the variability of event-related potentials P(300) and the relationship with memory function/psychopathology in patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia (patient group) and twenty health subjects (control group) were enrolled in the study. The auditory event-related potentials P₃₀₀ at the scalp electrodes Cz, Pz and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) were examined in both groups, Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was evaluated in patient group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In comparison with control group, patients had longer latency of P₃₀₀ [(390.6 ± 47.6)ms at Cz and (393.3 ± 50.1)ms at Pz] (P<0.01), lower amplitude of P₃₀₀ [(7.7 ± 3.4) μV at Cz and (8.5 ± 3.9)μV at Pz] (P<0.05-0.01). The memory quotient (88.1 ± 10.0) scores and short-term memory, immediate memory in patient group were damaged significantly (P<0.05-0.01). In patient group, the latency of P300 was correlated positively with PANSS scores and negatively with WMS scores (P<0.05-0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>First-episode paranoid schizophrenia has memory deficit, which can be evaluated comprehensively by P₃₀₀ and WMS. The longer latency of P₃₀₀ might be associated with the increased severity of first-episode paranoid schizophrenia.</p>